What is a LAN?

LAN stands for Local Area Network. LANs are used both in homes and in offices to connect two or more computers together. They are used to share a broadband Internet connection, as well as to share files and printers. A LAN must usually be confined within a single building.

Types

1. There are two types of local area networks. Wired LANs connect two or more computers together using Ethernet cable. Wireless networks connect the computers by radio. Types of wireless LAN connections include wireless "B," "G" and "N." Of these, wireless "N" is the most advanced. It is also backwards compatible with wireless "B" and "G."

Function

2. A LAN requires a network router and access points. The router must be installed on the primary computer which is connected to the Internet. Also, an Ethernet network card must be installed on each connected computer. LANs are typically used to share a high-speed DSL or cable Internet connection. Other computers on the network can access files and folders which have been marked as shared during network set-up. Also, every computer can print documents, regardless of whether it's connected directly to the printer or not. However, for these functions to work, you must enable file and printer sharing during network set-up.

Features

3. Many routers come with an Ethernet connection for the primary computer on the network, as well as four connections for other computers. Wireless routers often have two or three antennas and can be used to set up a wired network. Many routers also have security and storage features. For example, some have a USB connection in back where a flash drive may be inserted. Wireless access points may have a USB connector or an adapter which allows the user to bypass the Ethernet network card.

   

Benefits

4. Wired LAN connections offer greater security than wireless. However, wireless connections are easier to install and maintain. There is no need to drill holes in the walls or run cable. Wireless "N" routers with security and storage features are generally the best ones to buy. They offer the fastest connections and will not reach a point of obsolescence as soon as those with wireless "B" or "G" standards.

Considerations

5. If you're using a wireless network, people who are not authorized to access your network may be able to log on and access your files. For that reason, you must change the default user name and password when you set up your router. Be sure to use a strong and secure password which is longer than 8 characters and which contains both letters and numbers.

History

6. The first LAN was used at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1973. It was used with their Alto computer, which was designed by Xerox for research purposes. In 1979, Xerox engineer Robert Metcalfe helped to develop the Ethernet protocol that we use in networking today.